Forging press and die



I019 nnnn 1-. E. GANDA.

BKTBNTED FEB. 2,994.

PORGING PRESS AND DIE. AAAAAAAA m1 ,rILn'D no. 14. 1901.

ATTORNEYS UNITED STAT- s" Patented February 2, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

FERDINAND E. OANDA, OE NEW YORKJN; Y., ASSIGNO TO OHROME STEEL WORKS, OF WOODBRIDGE TOWNSHIP, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 751,430, dated February 2, 1904.

Application filed December 14, 1901. Serial No 85,881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

* Be it known'that I, FERDINAND E. CANDA, a citizen of the United States, residing in New York, in the county and'State of New York,

have inventedcertain new anduseful Improvements in Forging Presses and Dies; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear,

and exact description of the'invention, Such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which I it'a'ppertains to make and use the same.

My'inve'ntion relates generally to forging presses and dies, and particularly to presses for forging steel car-wheels and the like and to dies therefor;

My'invention consists in the .novel construction of the dies, in the use of duplicate lower dies havingindependent ejecting means for freeing the wheels from the dies and means for bringing said dies alternately intoposition 2O beneath the upper or complementary die carried by the press-ram and above another ram arranged to operate said ejecting devices, and generally in the novel combination, construc tion, and arrangement of the parts.

- In United States Letters'Patent No. 605,391, issued to me on June 7, 1898, I have illus-' trated and described a steel car-wheel and the method of making the same, which method consists in forming spokes for the wheel from 3 mild or structural'steel or wrought-iron, placing the same in a suitable mold, pouring molten steel into appropriate portions of this mold, and thereby casting "a hub and rim about the ends of the spokes, and by the heat of the molten metal and the pressure due to the solidification and shrinking of the cast metal welding the spokes into the hub and rim, and finally annealing the wheel. The wheel thereby formed is Very strong, and because 4 difierent qualities of steel may be used for the hub and rim, may have a hub soft enough to be bored and a much harder rim, the tread of which will resist wear far better than will the cast-iron wheels commonly in use, contains no soft spots and is not likely to develop flat spots. In the manufacture of these wheels, W however, trouble has been experienced from piping in the rim, and the main object of this invention is to remove this piping, which I do by subjecting the rims of the wheels to great pressure while the wheels are at a high heat. In this way I condense the metal of the rim and weld it into a homogeneous mass, besides perfecting the form of the wheel and insuring a I smooth and perfectly cylindrical tread;

Other-objects of my invention are to render the press as rapid in operation as possible, to reduce the time required to discharge a pressed wheel from the machine and bring into position another wheel, to free the wheel from the die in which it rests after it has been pressed, and generally to make the press as simple and efi'ective as possible.

A- further object is to prevent breakage of the dies. 1 3 1 In the accompanying drawings I illustrate the duplicate lower dies, the sliding carriage therefor, the cylinders and rams for moving said carriage, and the ejecting apparatus. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a pair of dies, and Fig. 4 is a similar view of another pair of dies of somewhat different construction.

The press illustrated is, in general features, of ordinary construction, having the usual supporting and guide columns 1, press-cylinder'2, ram 3, carrying one of the dies, and elevating-cylinders and rams 4 therefor, only the rams being shown in Fig. 1; but these portions of the press are of well-known construction and require no detailed illustration. The pipes for supplying water to the cylinders,'the pumps, accumulators, and controlling-valvesare not illustrated.-

For pressing the wheel two dies are require'd-viz. a lower die 5, in which the Wheel restsflange side down during the pressing, and an upper die 6, carried by the pressingram 3.

7 in Figs. 3 and 4 indicates the wheel. The said wheel is cast with a rim approximating as closely as possible the final diameter of tread, the tread being broader, however, than that of the finished wheel. The parting-line of the dies is at'the edge of the flange of the wheel; but in order that the lower die, the diameter of the upper portion of which is but little greater than that of the wheel, may be reinforced to resist with certainty the stress produced by the action of the press this upper portion of the lower die is formed as a cylindrical boss 8, and the lower portion of the upper die 6 is formed as a ring 9, adapted to fit closely to the cylindrical boss 8. In this way not only is the lower die reinforced by the upper die, but accurate centering of the dies is assured. The edges of the ring 9 and boss 8 also act as shearing edges to out off any surplus metal of the flange, if there be any. To facilitate the removal of the wheels from the lower die after it has been pressed and the placing of an unpressed wheel in such die for pressing, it is preferable to move such lower die laterally from under the upper die, and in order that the press shall operate rapidly it is preferable that while one wheel is being removed from the die and a second wheel inserted therein a third wheel shall be undergoing the pressing operation. For this reason I preferably employ duplicate lower dies, arranged to be moved laterally by any suitable mechanism as, for instance, by rams 10 and cylinders 11, as shown in Fig. 2. To facilitate the shifting of these dies, they may be mounted in a die-carriage 12, arranged to slide in suitable ways. The wheel when pressed is apt to cling to the lower die. To loosen the wheel, I provide each lower die with a recess 13 in its lower side, in which recess is an ejector-yoke 14, provided with ejector-fingers 15, working in suitable orifices in the die. In the foundation of the press directly beneath the press-cylinder 2 I provide an ejector-cylinder 16 and ram 17. When water is admitted to this cylinder, it raises the ram, and with it the ejector-yoke of that die which is over the ram, thus causing the ejector-fingers to free from the die any wheel which may be therein.

In the operation of the press the wheels after casting are reheated to the proper temperature for forging and are then placed successively in the two bottom dies alternately. As soon as the pressing of each wheel is completed the upper die is raised, the die containing the pressed wheel is moved to one side, and at the same time the companion die, containing a heated wheel to be pressed, is moved into position under the upper die, and the press-ram, carying the upper die, is brought down and caused to exert upon the wheel beneath it the pressure necessary to compact the metal of the rim. As soon as the pressing is complete and while the upper die is being raised or directly thereafter the ejector-ram is operated and the wheel in the press is raised slightly from the lower die in order to free it therefrom and is then allowed to fall again.

In Fig. 4 alternative forms of dies are shown. In this construction the lower die 18 is not reinforcedby the upper die, as in the construction shown in Fig. 3, the body of the die being wider in the immediate vicinity of its working face, so that it has ample strength. The die is provided with a short boss 19 of-the diameter of the flange of the wheel, and the upper die 20 is provided with a corresponding short cylindrical portion 21, adapted to receive this boss. In the operation of these dies some of the metal of the wheel may be pressed out at the flange; but the boss 19 and cylindrical portion 21 act as shears to cut off any such fin, the edges of boss 19 and cylindrical portion 21 constituting shearing edges.

Ordinarily it is not necessary to press the hub of the wheel, and the dies are formed accordingly. In this way much power is saved, and a smaller press may be used than would be required otherwise, and in addition the metal of the hub is kept relatively soft, so that it may be bored readily.

It will be noted that since the result of the pressing is to decrease the width of tread of the wheel, but not to change the thickness of the rim, no stress is exerted which might tend to strain or rupture the spokes or break the welds between the spokes and the rim or hub. This is quite important. Pressing in the dies, however, insures a. smooth and perfectly cylindrical tread and insures that the wheels shall be of uniform size.

It is obvious that both press and dies are susceptible of many changes and modifications, and I do not limit myself to the constructions shown nor to the use of a vertical press, although such a press is most convenient.

What I claim is 1. In a forging-press, the combination with duplicate dies laterally movable in the same plane, a cooperating die axially movable, said. duplicate dies movable from a position for operation in line with said cooperating die to separate charging positions on opposite sides of said position for operation, and die-shifting mechanism for moving said duplicate dies alternately into operative position with respect to the cooperating die, of pressing mechanism for operating the said cooperating die, ejecting devices carried by each of said duplicate dies for freeing the article pressed therefrom, and a single operating device for said ejecting devices.

2. In a forging-press, the combination with duplicate dies laterally movable in the same plane, and each provided with orifices through which ejecting-fingers may work and with a recess adapted to receive a yoke for such fingers, a cooperating die axially movable, said duplicate dies movable from a position for operation in line with said cooperating die to separate charging positions on opposite sides of said position for operation, and die-shifting mechanism for moving said duplicate dies alternately into operative position with respect to the cooperating die, of pressing mechanism for operating said cooperating die, ejectingfingers, and-yokes therefor, carried by said duplicate dies, and an ejector-ram, located in line with the cooperating die, normally out of engagement with said dies and ejecting devices, but adapted to operate either of said ejecting devices when the die thereof is in operativeposition, and arranged to operate the ejecting devices of whichever of the duplicate dies is in operative position with respect to the cooperating die. I 3. The combination of lower and upper carwheel-forging dies, the former having a raised boss the bottom of which is substantially the flange-diameter of the finished wheel, and the face of which is formed to correspondwith the flange side of the wheel, said die adapted to support the wheel but having no portions surrounding or embracing the wheel on the outside, the upper die having a recess adapted to receive said boss, the bottom of the recess being formed to correspond with the opposite side of the wheel and the sides ofthe recess being formed to correspond to the tread and flange of the wheel, said sides having ashearing edge adapted to cut off surplus metal.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in the presence of two witnesses. 

